Author: Fred Drake

The Basics of Fence Installation

Fred Drake

After the posts are set and concrete has cured, your fence starts taking shape. Your fence contractor will install rails and panels.

Fence

Before you begin any fence installation work, it’s essential to get your legal ducks in a row. This involves obtaining all necessary permits, checking local laws and regulations and observing any community or homeowner association rules that apply. Contact Fence Installation Summerville SC for professional help.

This is also a good time to discuss your project with your neighbors to ensure that everyone’s expectations and plans are clear. Once you’ve got all of your paperwork in order, it’s time to begin preparing the site for the construction. This includes clearing the landscape of any rocks, vegetation or debris that could impede the crew’s progress. If you have movable garden furniture, flower pots or children’s play equipment in the area, it’s best to move them out of the way before the crew arrives.

It’s also a good idea to remove any landscaping plantings or trees that are in contact with the fence, as they may be at risk of being damaged during construction. If large bushes or trees need to be moved, it’s best to consult a professional landscaper to determine whether it is possible to relocate them or if they should be removed altogether.

The next step is to dig or drive post holes according to the planned layout of the fence. The size and depth of the holes will vary depending on the type and height of the fence, and the soil conditions. Generally, the holes should be dug at least one-third to one-half of the total height of the fence to provide adequate support.

A power drill is a useful tool for many tasks throughout the fence installation process. It can be used to drill pilot holes, attach hardware and brackets, and secure screws. A circular saw is also a very important piece of equipment, as it can be used to cut wood to length and create straight cuts for the wooden slats.

It is also a good idea to prepare the surface of the wood for staining. The first step is to clean the surface using a power washer and soapy water to remove any dirt, mildew or debris. After cleaning, it is a good idea to lightly sand the surface with fine grit sandpaper. Once the surface is smooth, you can then start to stain the fence.

Posts

As the backbone of your fence, posts are crucial for keeping it upright and structurally sound. They can also serve as an aesthetic element, depending on your preferences and the style of the rest of the fence. However, not all posts are created equal, and the material you choose can have a significant impact on how long your fence lasts and its strength.

Wood is a classic and common choice, offering a combination of strength and visual appeal that is both versatile and customizable. However, it can rot or warp over time if not treated with a special preservative. This is why many homeowners opt for pressure-treated pine posts, which are infused with chemicals that protect them from pests and the elements.

Steel is another popular option, as it can withstand significant pressure and is durable enough to stand up against strong winds. This makes it ideal for taller or heavier fences. While it can be more expensive upfront, steel offers many advantages over wood, including zero maintenance and longevity.

When selecting the type of post you want to install, be sure to take into account local climate conditions, as they can dramatically affect how well your fence stands up. For example, extreme heat can cause metal to expand, while rain or snow can wear down wood. In addition, the type of soil in your area can change how deep you need to bury the posts.

After digging your holes, it’s important to add some gravel to the bottom of the hole before filling them with concrete. It’s also a good idea to slope the concrete away from the post, so that any water drains away from it. Once the concrete has set, it’s a good idea to use a level to ensure that your posts are straight and then to brace them until they can be removed safely.

The foundation of your fence starts with the posts, and installing them correctly is key to ensuring that your entire project turns out well. For many homeowners, DIY fence installation is a manageable and rewarding task, but it’s always a good idea to consult with a professional if you run into major problems or are concerned about your safety or skills.

Panels

Fence panels are pre-fabricated sections of a fence that can be installed quickly and offer a wide range of options in height, width, and design. They can be used to enclose gardens, plots of land, or industrial areas, and they can be combined with specially designed gate panels for entrances. They come in a variety of colors, finishes, and designs to suit different tastes and purposes.

One of the main advantages of fence panels is the time saved during installation. While they do not save time in surveying the site, running plumb lines, digging holes, and setting concrete posts, they do eliminate the need to individually assemble individual pickets or wood slats. This allows the entire project to be completed much more quickly than if the fence were constructed on site from scratch.

However, the convenience of fence panels can also lead to shortcuts and subpar workmanship. If you are building a fence with panels, make sure that you have good quality materials and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Otherwise, you may end up with a fence that is not strong or secure enough for the purpose you intend to use it.

Another disadvantage of fence panels is their vulnerability to damage from wind. While all fences are subject to weather wear and tear, panels are particularly susceptible to heavy winds that can knock down sections or even the entire fence. This type of damage can be costly and frustrating to repair, especially if the panel is not a high-quality product.

Lastly, fence panels can be difficult to install on uneven terrain. If the soil is too rocky or steep for the panels to lay flat, they will leave gaps at the bottom of the fence and will not be as sturdy as a custom-built fence.

Fence panels require regular maintenance to ensure that they remain in good condition. This includes painting them to prevent rust, removing algae from their surfaces, and inspecting them for signs of damage. You should also keep grass and plants away from the fence panels, as they can cause them to become dirty or damaged.

Gates

Gates can be a functional or a decorative feature of a fence. In addition to allowing you to access your property, they can enhance your home’s curb appeal and increase its privacy. To ensure your gates function well, they should be properly aligned and secured. You should also check their hinges and latches regularly to prevent them from becoming loose or rusty.

You can choose from a variety of gate styles, depending on your preferences and the layout of your property. For example, you might want to install a swing gate for a backyard or garden, while a sliding gate might be more suitable for a driveway. You can find a variety of gate types online, and you can also get them custom-made to suit your needs.

A gate can be made from a number of materials, including wood, steel, and plastic. They can be painted or stained to improve their visual appearance. Some gates are also equipped with security features such as keypad entry systems, intercoms, and motors for opening. These options can add to the overall cost of a gate installation project.

If you decide to install a new gate, you should first ensure that it fits the opening in your fence. Measure the height and width of the gated area to determine the right size for your gate. Once you have the measurements, you can order a gate online or at your local home improvement store. Some gates come with post packages, which include posts of the appropriate sizes and depths. The package may also tell you what size screws to use.

Then, you can start installing the gate hinges. Position the gate so that the bottom edge is level with the post and a gap of about 5mm is left either side for opening and closing the gate. Screw the hinges into place, using the screws supplied with the product and making sure that you pre-drill each hole to avoid splitting the timber. Once the hinges are in place, you can fit the gate to its post and tighten the screw sets.

Flea Control In Homes

Fred Drake

Fleas are parasites that feed on blood and can cause itching in pets and humans. They are brought to homes by wild animals and strays.

Thoroughly wash pet bedding, plush toys, and furniture covers in hot soapy water to kill adult fleas and break their life cycle. Vacuum carpets and rugs every day, especially in the cracks and crevices where flea eggs hatch. Call Bakersfield Pest Control expert today.

pest control

Diatomaceous Earth (DE)

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a powder made from ground fossilized remains of algae that once swam in fresh water. It is a natural, safe, and inexpensive way to prevent fleas in pets and home environments. DE is also helpful in the garden for preventing fleas and other pests from breeding. It works by dehydrating and breaking down the exoskeleton of the insect when it comes in contact with it, effectively killing the bug. It can be applied directly to the pet’s coat or spread on bedding and carpeting in the home.

First, determine where your pet spends the most time. Then dust areas where they reside with food-grade DE, including their bedding and any carpeting that is in direct contact with the ground. It is important to use food-grade DE rather than industrial (filter) grade, which is dangerous to pets and humans.

When applying DE to your pet, be sure not to get it in their eyes, nose, or mouth. It can irritate those sensitive areas if inhaled. It is also important to be careful when rubbing the DE into your pet’s coat as it can irritate their skin and cause itching. It is a good idea to apply the DE with a pet brush to distribute it evenly and make sure not to miss any hard-to-reach spots.

After your pet is coated with DE, let it sit for about a day to allow the powder to work on the fleas and other pests. Once the DE has dried, vacuum up the powder and any dead pests. Repeat the process weekly for a few weeks to help prevent fleas from returning and continuing their life cycle in your pet and home.

You can also apply DE in your garden by mixing it with water. For example, you can make a DE spray by combining 4 to 6 tablespoons of DE with 1 gallon of water in a spray bottle or garden pump sprayer and spraying it over the area you wish to treat. This is useful if you have large areas to cover, such as a lawn or garden area.

Salt

There are several natural home remedies that people use to combat fleas. These include things like lemon peels, powder laundromat soap, and salt. These can be used in conjunction with a regular vacuuming routine to help get rid of fleas. These products work to dehydrate fleas and kill them without the use of chemicals. This can be an especially helpful remedy for households with pets, as it is a safe way to get rid of fleas that are on furniture and carpeting.

Many people sprinkle salt over their floors and carpeting. This works similarly to diatomaceous earth, as it dehydrates the exoskeleton of the flea and helps to kill it. The key is to be consistent and thorough with your application. It is also important to vacuum up the salt each time you do this so that you don’t end up re-introducing the fleas to your home.

Another popular option is to spray a solution of one part water and one part salt over your furniture, carpeting, pet beds, and other areas where fleas are prevalent. This mixture makes it very hard for the fleas to breathe and can kill them instantly. It is important to keep in mind that this won’t kill eggs and larvae, so it will need to be repeated regularly to control fleas.

Some people also find that a few drops of cedar oil can be effective at repelling fleas. Cedar oil is a natural pesticide that will kill fleas on contact. It can be sprayed directly onto your furniture, pet bedding, and other areas where fleas are present. This is a great option for households with animals that may be sensitive to other insecticides.

While some of these home remedies can be useful in treating a minor flea problem, severe infestations often require the use of commercial treatments to eliminate them. It is important to treat your pet and their environment first before trying these treatments, as fleas will usually hide in places that you can’t reach. It is also helpful to clear out any bushes, wood piles, and other areas where fleas tend to congregate outside the house.

Insecticides

Fleas need a blood meal to survive, so they jump onto dogs, cats, and squirrels to bite them. Heavy flea infestations can cause allergies and skin problems in pets. Fleas also carry tapeworms that can infect some dogs and cats. If enough pets are infested with fleas, fleas will often hop on people and bite them too. Despite this, fleas are not likely to transmit diseases to humans.

Insecticides can be used to control fleas in the home. Insecticide sprays can be applied with a hand sprayer or aerosol to infested carpeting and furniture. The most effective products contain both an adulticide (kills adults) and an insect growth regulator, such as methoprene or pyriproxyfen.

When using an insecticide, read the label carefully and follow all safety tips. Work in a well-ventilated area and wear safety equipment, like gloves. Using a pesticide indoors is best left to a professional, especially if you have children or pets in the house.

Vacuum your carpeting and cushioned furniture every day to remove flea eggs and larvae. Steam cleaning can help, too. Fleas develop in the dark, so they are more likely to be found in dark places like underneath carpeting, under furniture, or in cracks and crevices.

If vacuuming and steam cleaning do not reduce your flea problem, sprinkle food-grade diatomaceous earth (DE) on carpets and around furniture. DE is a fascinating natural substance that kills many insects by drying them out. This is safe for people and pets, though it may irritate the lungs and eyes of sensitive individuals. DE should be left on for several days before vacuuming.

Treat your pet with an oral or topical flea-preventative medicine during the spring and summer months. This helps protect your pet and keeps it from fleas that can spread disease to humans. Consider treating kennels, dog runs, and cat houses, too. You can repel fleas in your yard by spraying nematodes, microscopic worms that kill flea larvae and cocoons, on your lawn. Or, plant fennel, mint, lavender, or other plants that fleas dislike.

Prevention

Getting rid of fleas requires an approach that tackles all stages of their life cycle. It also requires treating the pet’s environment as well as the house and yard.

Adult fleas live on animals and suck blood, but they also lay many eggs. Eggs fall off of pets and are deposited on floors, furniture, and in pet bedding. The eggs hatch into tiny larvae that feed on pet feces and other organic debris. Larvae then spin cocoons and emerge as adults.

To break this life cycle, vacuum thoroughly every day to remove egg sacs and adult fleas. Be sure to empty the vacuum bag and dispose of it outside. Use a water-based flea spray that contains a pesticide to reach deep down in carpets and crevices where adult fleas and larvae hide.

A professional flea treatment can also be a good preventative measure. Upon arriving at your home, a pest specialist will conduct a thorough inspection indoors and outdoors to determine the extent of the flea problem and develop an effective treatment plan.

For a quick fix, try some of the many available home remedies for fleas. Baking soda and salt, for example, can help repel fleas by hurting them with their abrasiveness. Sprinkle a thin layer of either on carpets and furniture and vacuum it up after several days.

In the yard, try spraying nematodes – microscopic worms that kill flea larvae and cocoons – on your lawn. You can purchase them at garden supply stores, and they are safe for pets and children. Also consider planting fennel, lavender, and mint, which fleas don’t like, around your house to deter them from your yard.

Fleas are adapted to warm environments and thrive in dense vegetation, where they can stay hidden from the sun. However, they prefer to be close to their hosts, so if your yard has a high population of pets or other wildlife, it can attract fleas to the house as well. If you notice itchy spots on your feet or ankles, it’s a good idea to contact a professional for a flea inspection.

Types of Excavating Work

Fred Drake

Many types of excavation work are suited to specific construction projects. Here are the main ones:

Level Ground Excavation helps create foundations for buildings below ground level.

The processes involved in building roads, railways, and canals include adding or removing large masses of dirt and stone. These additions and removals are commonly referred to as cut and fill excavation. These processes are usually carried out using heavy machinery such as excavators and bulldozers. The type of mass being added or removed depends on the construction project.

For example, earth excavation is typically used when building a foundation, as it strips the layer of soil underneath the topsoil for construction purposes. Another common excavation type is rock, used to clear rocky surfaces that hinder the building process. Rock excavation is challenging, requiring special equipment, such as drilling or blasting.

One of the main considerations in cut-and-fill excavation is calculating how much material will need to be moved between different sections. This is determined by measuring the existing topography of a plot of land and determining how much space is required for construction. The remaining area is then split into cut and fill sections, with the former section having a lower elevation than the latter. Calculating how much material will need to be removed from a site before construction begins is important, as this helps minimize the amount of hauling required for the job.

This type of excavation also considers the field shrink and swell factor for the material being transferred between the cut and fill sections. The amount of material that shrinks or swells as it is relocated will impact the time it takes to build the project and ultimately influence the cost.

The cut-and-fill process needs to conserve as much mass as possible. Having more cut than fill will result in project managers needing to find somewhere to dispose of the excess dirt. Having more fill than cut means that additional mass will be brought in from elsewhere on the site, increasing labor and equipment costs. For this reason, cut-and-fill excavations are designed to keep the cut-and-fill mass relatively equal.

Trench excavation involves digging a narrow cut, cavity, or depression in the earth’s surface that is deeper than it is wide. It can be found on construction sites and is the most common form of excavation. According to OSHA, trenching is the leading cause of workplace fatalities and requires high worker safety training and protective systems.

This type of excavation focuses on removing material, usually dirt and rock, to clear surfaces like rocky areas that impede building structures. It may also be used to dig drainage ditches that funnel water away from habitation, infrastructure, and agriculture or to remove sediment deposits in waterways to make them passable.

A trench can be any length and depth, although deep trenches typically have a length that greatly exceeds their width. This type of excavation is commonly used to lay foundations for buildings or bury services such as pipes, and it often requires specialty equipment and procedures.

Identifying the soil types related to a specific trench or excavation is important before beginning work. This information helps determine the proper excavation, support, and backfilling methods. Additionally, it is helpful to identify if the trench will have underground utilities or other hazards that must be avoided.

The type of soil, its consistency, ease or difficulty in excavating, appearance, and water seepage are some of the characteristics that influence the best methods. Sometimes, a single trench can contain soil types that vary widely from one end to the other.

A competent person must review the site before starting work, identifying and marking all buried services appropriately. It is also important to know the location of nearby vehicles, equipment, and structures that could put pressure on or undermine the trench walls. Finally, the competent person should check the area for signs of hazardous gas, vapors, or dust and ensure all equipment is de-energized before entering the trench. Remember to complete and share a job hazard analysis, update your written accident prevention program, and conduct routine equipment inspections.

Once a site is identified, the archaeological team must decide which excavation method to use. The choice is usually based on the natural geography of the site, the strata, and cultural layers, and how much time the archaeologists have to complete the excavation.

Shovel test surveys, shovel test pits, probes, and trenches are all common excavation types. Each type allows the archaeologists to explore different areas of a single layer while enabling them to record their findings.

Once the archaeologists have selected their excavation method, they must map the site. This includes establishing a grid system, or datum, to make all future measurements. The datum can be a specific location or feature on the site, such as a boulder, building, or fence post. Alternatively, it can be a point in space, such as a GPS coordinate.

The next step is to establish the phasing of the site, which helps determine the chronology of the layers of the site and provides the context for the interpretation of artifacts and features. Phases are usually arranged chronologically and can be grouped into domestic, commercial, or industrial categories.

When the phasing is completed, the archaeologists can begin excavation. This often involves digging in the order that the phases were deposited, which ensures that the artifacts are removed from the soil in an order consistent with the sequence of human activity at the site.

Rebar is vital in construction projects such as skyscrapers, highways, and bridges. It adds great strength to concrete and helps prevent cracking that might destroy a project. Rebar is almost always made of steel, which provides excellent tensile strength. It is sometimes coated with zinc or another metal to help prevent rusting. Alternatives to steel rebar include glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber.

Footing excavation is digging and removing dirt, rocks, or other materials that make up the foundation of a building or different structure. This type of excavation is often done to prepare for construction, install utilities, or create basements. It can also be used to create slopes or level uneven terrain. It is usually performed with heavy machinery like excavators and backhoes and power tools such as jackhammers and concrete cutters.

Stripping is a type of excavation that is focused more on clearing a large area than digging a pit or trench. This excavation method removes wide swaths of topsoil, gravel, or other materials to prepare the site for construction or engineering projects. It can also be used to clear out contaminated or otherwise undesirable areas.

This type of excavation is generally related to the construction of a bridge. It involves removing any materials that might interfere with the construction of the foundations, substructures, and so on needed to support a bridge. This is a complex operation that requires different types of equipment than other forms of excavation.

During tunnel excavation, workers dig and remove soil, rock, or other material to create a passage through the ground. This is often done for infrastructure, including roadways, subways, canals, or sewage systems. This type of excavation is typically done under the direction and approval of a professional engineer.

In addition to being used in constructing skyscrapers, bridges, and other structures, rebar is also widely used for more esoteric purposes, such as minimalist art and coffee tables. Rebar is most commonly made from steel, which has excellent tensile strength and doesn’t easily bend. Alternatives to steel rebar include GFRP, which offers good tensile strength but isn’t as strong as steel.